The cooperation spectrum offers a range of options
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The toolkit is based on a continuous cooperation spectrum spanning the following broad areas.
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Unilateral action
Unilateral action involves recognising regulatory outcomes, or adopting elements of, another country’s regulatory regime.
Informal cooperation
Informal cooperation involves countries collaborating to improve how their regulatory regimes work together without having a formal agreement in place.
Formal cooperation
Formal cooperation is generally the most durable form of cooperation. It’s usually governed by binding treaty-level agreements or formal arrangements, and reflected in domestic law.
Regulatory agencies can use options from any point in the spectrum or use a range of options that complement each other.